Engineering Materials Table
Typical density, Young's modulus, yield and tensile strength and thermal expansion of steels, stainless steels, aluminium, copper alloys, cast iron, titanium and plastics; search, compare and send values to the other calculators
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Shows typical density, Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield and tensile strength and thermal expansion of 42 engineering materials, from steels and stainless steels to aluminium, copper alloys, cast iron, titanium and plastics.
How to use
- Type a name or a KS, JIS, ASTM or EN designation such as S45C, 1045, 1.4301 or POM in "Search", or narrow the list with the "Category" chips.
- Press a column heading to sort by it, and switch "Units" between MPa·GPa·kg/m³ and ksi·Msi·lb/in³.
- Press a material name for its details, then use a send button to carry E, G, yield strength and thermal expansion into another calculator.
- Tick "Compare" for 2 to 4 materials to see them side by side; the best value in each row is highlighted.
How it works
- The values are typical room-temperature figures and change with the standard, heat treatment, thickness and supplier. Read the "Condition" column with them and check the standard and the material certificate before use.
- G = E ÷ (2(1 + ν)); thermal expansion is the mean between 20 and 100 °C in 10⁻⁶/K. Materials without a yield point, such as grey cast iron and acrylic, have the yield strength left empty.
- Sources: ASM Handbook, MatWeb typical property sheets, the KS, JIS and EN standards and manufacturers' data sheets; the reference date is at the bottom of the page.
Questions and answers
- What are the yield and tensile strength of S45C or AISI 1045?
- Typically 345 MPa yield and 570 MPa tensile when normalized, and about 490 and 690 MPa after quenching and tempering, so both conditions are listed.
- Why do sources give 200, 205 or 210 GPa for the modulus of steel?
- All carbon and low-alloy steels lie between 200 and 210 GPa. This table uses 205 GPa, which changes a deflection by 2 to 3 %.
- Which is stronger for its weight, aluminium or steel?
- Specific stiffness E/ρ is about 26 for both, but specific strength σy/ρ is about 180 for 7075-T6 and 62 for quenched and tempered S45C.
- How do I calculate thermal expansion from the coefficient?
- ΔL = α × L × ΔT. A 500 mm aluminium part (23.6 × 10⁻⁶/K) grows about 0.59 mm when it warms by 50 °C.